Nozzle



NOZZLE :Filed April 25, 1939 INVENTOR. SCHLOZ Y F M01/VAN@ G,

Patented Jung s, 1 943 UNITED STATES [PATENT OFFICE 2,321,428 e NozzLEFerdinand G. Schloz, Philadelphia, Pa. Application April25,.1939,.seria1`N0. 269,849 l 2 claims. (C1. 299-120) My improvementsare primarily designed to provide a. sprayer in whichY danger ofclogging the passages by dirt or congealed liquid is reduced grooveddiagonally to the threads and to the axis `of the body to provide ductsconnecting the i-nlet to a minimum; in which a curvilinear or helical Imotion is imparted to the liquid prior to its admission to a, swirlingchamber adjacentv the exit orice; and from which the atomized liquid isdischarged as a conoidal cloud of substantially uniform density.

My improvements are preferably embodied in a sprayer having its swirlingchamber fed through ducts from which liquid is discharged bothtangentially to the annular Wall of the swirling chamber, to form theperipheral portion of the vaporous jet, and at or toward the center ofthe swirling chamber, to form the center of the vaporous jet. Some orall of the ducts through which the liquid is fed are so curved orinclined as to impart a circular or helical movement and applycentrifugal force to the iiowing liquid. Where very small quantities ofliquid are being fed, the direction of movement and the force impartedthereto by such curved ducts before entering the swirling chamber may sounify the density of the vaporous jet produced therefrom as to renderunnecessarythe feeding of auxiliary liquid to or toward the center ofthe swirling chamber. The sprayer preferably comprises a hollow shell,containingl a spray orice, and a body housed therein and having groovedsurfaces complementary to surfaces of the shell to provide liquid supplyducts. The telescoped body also has surfaces spaced from complementarysurfaces of the shell to form a series of chambers connected by theducts and terminating ina swirling chamber discharging to the sprayorice.

The forepart of the body may be recessed axially so as to provide anextension or enlargement of the swirling chamber and permit the axialintroduction of liquid into the swirling chamber through such extensionwithout intersecting or disrupting the wall of liquid formed in theswirling chamber by liquid delivered thereto The concentricity of thethreading,v

sprayer shown in Fig. 1;

shank for mounting it during the threading, facing and groovingoperations.

The threaded shoulder of the body mayv be chamber with a second chamberof the sprayer and impart an initial rotary movement and centrifugal andatomizing force. to the liquid so that thereby, andby the curvature ofducts leading to the swirling chamber, the velocity of the liquid isincreased, abrupt changes in the direction thereofl inits ow to theswirling chamberare minimized, the ducts and chambers are scoured toprevent any clogging thereof by dirt or congealed oil,\and theperipheralwall of liquid is caused to so -hug the wall of the swirling cham'- lber so as to permitthe use of a larger orifice for thesame capacityoutput. L l

The advantages of my improvements are most pronounced when all thefeatures thereof are embodied i-n a single structure, but certain of theadvantages of. my improvements may be obtained even though one or moreof the preferred features are omitted or modified.

The characteristic features and advantages of my improvements willfurther appear from the following description and ,thel accompanyingdrawing in illustration of various embodiments of my invention.

In the drawing,

Fig. 1 is a. longitudinal sectional view of a sprayer embodying myinvention;

Fig. 2 is a top plan view of the body of the Fig. 3 is a longitudinalsectional .view of a sprayer having a, body differing in details fromthe body of Figs. 1 and 2; v

Fig. 4 is a top plan View of theV body shown in Fig. 3; and A Fig. 5 isa part sectional elevation of a sprayer having a shell similar to thoseshown in Figs. 1 and 3 but a further modified body.

In the embodiments of my invention illustrated inthe drawing, a hollowshell ortip has a taper-` ing nose I, containing an orifice 2 at itsapex, a polygonal shoulder 3, and an exteriorly threaded shank 4 adaptedto be screwed into a supply Ypipe fitting so that the radial face of theshoulder is moved into abutting, sealing relation to the end wall of thefitting. The inner surface of the shell has a conoidal section 5 at theforepart thereof, a smooth cylindrical intermediate section 6, and athreaded cylindrical section 1 at the base thereof.

' The shell contains a. complementary body or plug forming therewith aswirling chamber 9 discharging through the orifice 2, an intermediatechamber 9 and an inlet chamber I0 into which liquid under pressure isdelivered from the supply pipe.

The body or plug has a conoidal face II abutting the surface 5, acylindrical surface I2 spaced from the surface 6, an enlarged threadedshoulder I3 screwed into the threaded section 1 and a conoidal shank Il;The shank I4 may terminate in a cylindrical buttY I5 containing adiametral slot I6 as shown i-n Figs. 1, 5, or the butt may be eliminatedand a diametral slot I6'v cut in the botom of the shank as illustratedin Fig. 3. Thev taper of the shank I4 not only gradually decreases thecross section of the chamber III but also provides a hold by which thebody may be chucked to turn the face and threaded shoulder I3 in trueconcentricity with each other and with the surface 5 so as to insureflush ycontact between the surface 5 and face when the body is screwedup tight in the shell.

The shoulder I3 is intersected by slots Il extending diagonally of thebody axis so that streams of liquid flowing from the inlet chamber I0 tothe intermediate chamber 9 strike the l curved wall thereof at angleswhich impart helical or curvilinear motion to the streams.

In the embodiment illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, the head of the body isrecessed to provide a chamber I8 having an upper edge coterminous withthe lower edge of the chamber 9. The bottom of the chamber I8 isconstricted to form an axial passage I9 into which liquid istangentially discharged through the 3 transverse passages 20communicating with the chamber 8.

The conoidal face II contains curved grooves or ducts 2| leading fromthe chamber 9 to the chambers 8 and I8 adjacent to the juncture betweentheir coterminous edges. Preferably the curvature of the outer wall ofeach groove 2| has a radius approximately equal to one half the lengthof a straight line drawn from a point in the inner or top edge of theface II through the body axis to a diametral point in the outer orbottom edge of the face plus one half the width of the groove. Thecenter of the curve is at a point substantially midway the length ofsuch straight line. When the outer curve of the groove is so shaped itcoincides at its inner end with the wall of the swirling chamber and theemitted Jet is so directed as to leave no open space between the jet andthe wall of the swirling chamber. The innerwall of each groove isconcentric with the outer wall thereof and coincides at its outer endwith the cylindrical face of the body.

The curvature of the grooves may, however, be varied within the scope ofmy invention so long as adequate curvilinear motion and centrifugalforce is imparted to the liquid without unduly retarding the flow.accomplished if the curvature of each groove 2| is such that the anglebetween lines drawn from the longitudinal axis of the sprayer to theintersections of the center line of the groove with the edges of theface II is not less than 90 nor more than 180.

The jets emitted from the curved ducts 2| contact the annular walls ofthe chambers 9 and I8 without appreciable vimpact and are given aswirling motion forming an annular wall around the swirling `1ct emittedfrom the passage I9. The swirling streams of liquid are emitted from theorifice 2 as atomized particles forming a conoidal cloud ofsubstantially uniform density. The

Generally this will be curvilinear motion and centrifugal force impartedto the liquid in passing from the chamber III to the swirling chambers 8and I8, and the elimination of abrupt changes in the direction of flow,scour the passages and augment the rate of flow and the nebulizing ofthe liquid.

In the embodiment illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4, the head and stock ofthe body are made in two pieces instead of being made integrally as inFigs.

1 and 2. The stock has its upper end cylindri-i cally recessed toreceive the base of the head which has its lower edge undercut so as toform with the body an annular channel 20' communi,

cating with the 'chamber 9 through the ports 20". The bottom of the headhas a face having its inner circular 4edge coincident with the bottom ofthe passage I9 and its outer circular edge coincident with the bottominner edge of the channel 20'. The bottom face of the head contai'ns.

grooves 20a connecting the channel 20' with the passage I9 and eachcurved on a radius equal to one-half the length of a line drawn from apoint in the inner edge of the face, through the axis of the body to adiametral point in the outer edge of the face plus one-half the width ofthe groove. The center of each groove lies midway the ends of such aline and the grooves are equidistantly spaced. The curvature of theducts' 20a has an effect upon liquid flowing therethrough similar to theeffect imparted by the curved ducts 2| to liquid flowing therethrough.

Where the volume of liquid to be sprayed is small, the body chamber I8,passage I9, and ducts leading therethrough may be eliminatedas shown inFig. 5. In such case the curved ducts 2| discharge directly into Atheswirling chamber 8 whose bottom is formed by the flattened front end ofthe body, and the force and direction imparted to the liquid prior toits introduction into the swirling chamber serve to insure theatomization thereof in a conoidal cloud having a desired uniformity ofdensity.

By my improvements sudden-changes of direction of flow of the liquidareminimized with consequent reduction in friction and in the formation ofeddies and liquid is supplied to the center of a jet with minimuminterference with the supply 0f liquid to the periphery of the Jet. Myimprovements further permit the orifice to be made of larger area forthe same rated capacity, while still giving an increased velocity anddecreased danger of clogging.

Having described my invention I claim:

1. A sprayer comprising a hollow shell containing a spray orifice, and abody housed in said shell and having a forepart forming a conoidal facewith its upper edge spaced from the longitudinal axis of the sprayer andits lower edge concentric with such axis, said body having surfacescomplementary to and spaced from surfaces of said shell to form chambersincluding a swirl ing chamber discharging through said spray orice, saidface containing grooves and being positioned adjacent to a complementarysurface of said shell to provide liquid supply ducts to said swirlingchamber from another chamber aforesaid, the grooves in said facecomprising a plurality of symmetrically disposed curved grooves and thecurvature of the outer wall of each groove having a radius approximatelyequal to one-half the length of a straight line drawn from a point inthe upper edge of said face, through said axis to a diametral point inthe bottom edge of said face plus one-half the width of the groove; thecenter of curvature of such outer Wall being at a point substantiallymidway the length of such straight line, and the outer curve of eachgroove substantially coinciding at its inner end with the wall of theswirling chamber so as to leave no open space between a 1et emitted fromsuch groove and the wall of the swirling chamber; and the inner wall ofeach groove having a curvature concentric with the curvature of theouter wall thereof.

2. A sprayer comprising a hollow shell containing a spray orice and atwo-piece body housed in said shell and forming therewith a plurality of

